某医学院女大学生不良体重控制现况调查

A cross sectional survey on unhealthy weight control attempts amongst female medical college students

目的：了解医学院在校女大学生不良体重控制行为及其影响因素。方法2013年4月5至16日，采用整群随机抽样，以宿舍为单位抽取济宁医学院女生798名，进行自填式匿名问卷调查，对控制体重的认识和减体重意愿及行为进行调查。结果4.0%（29/728）的对象超重，1.2%（9/728）的对象肥胖。27.2%体重正常者认为自己超重或肥胖；体重过轻者中54.5%认为自己体重正常，4.1%认为太重。有减体重经历的614人中，采用的不良体重控制方法主要有：不吃主食（17.3%）、喝减肥茶（16.1%）、禁食（12.9%）、吃减肥药品（8.6%）、诱导腹泻（5.4%）、诱导呕吐（2.0%）、灌肠（1.5%）等。不良体重控制行为报告率为29.0%（211/728）。有不良体重控制行为的对象乏力（c2=19.681，P=0.000）、精力不集中（c2=12.031，P=0.001）、头晕（c2=5.461，P=0.019）、月经不调（c2=24.628，P=0.000）、厌食（c2=32.008，P=0.000）、失眠（c2=11.021，P=0.001）和焦虑（c2=14.402，P=0.000）等不良症状的出现率均高于无不良体重控制行为者。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示：高年级（OR=2.041，95%CI为1.336-3.111）、家庭人均月收入〉3000元（OR=1.758，95%CI为1.183-2.611）、减体重意向（OR=6.756，95%CI为1.541-29.626）、减重耽误学习也要继续（OR=1.594，95%CI为1.078-2.359）、减重过程出现不舒服也要坚持（OR=2.008，95%CI为1.245-3.238）、瘦身目的是体型美（OR=1.786，95%CI为1.095-2.913）和时尚（OR=3.169，95%CI为1.545-6.498）等因素与不良体重控制行为有关。用餐时间长（OR=0.556，95%CI为0.341-0.907）和偏好清淡饮食者（OR=0.593，95%CI为0.406-0.865）不良体重控制行为率低。结论部分女大学生对体型缺乏正确认识，且不良体重控制行为已危害健康。

Objective This paper aims to describe the prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviors and its related factors amongst female medical college students. Method Questionnaire surveys were conducted among a total of 798 medical students recruited by cluster random sampling in Jining Medical College from April 5 to 16, 2013. Result A total of 728 valid questionnaires were collected; 29 participants （4.0%） were overweight and 9 participants （1.2%） were obese; 250 participants （34.3%） were losing weight. Among participants who had experience of losing weight, unhealthy weight control methods mainly included not eating staple food （17.3%）, drinking diet tea （16.1%）, fasting （12.9%）, taking diet drug （8.6%）, inducing diarrhea （5.4%）, inducing vomiting （2.0%）, enema （1.5%）, etc.; 29.0% （211/728） of participants had unhealthy weight control behaviors. The rates of being weak （c2=19.681, P=0.000）, failure to concentrate （c2=12.031, P=0.001）, dizziness （c2=5.461, P=0.019）, irregular menstruation （c2=24.628, P=0.000）, anorexia （c2=32.008, P=0.000）, insomnia （c2=11.021, P=0.001） and anxiety （c2=14.402, P=0.000） among participants who had unhealthy weight-control behaviors were higher than those of participants without unhealthy weight-control behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that the factors associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors were senior class （OR=2.041;95%CI：1.336-3.111）, high average family income （OR=1.758;95%CI：1.183-2.611）, weight loss intention （OR=6.756;95%CI：1.541-29.626）,not hesitating to delay learning （OR=1.594;95%CI：1.078-2.359）,insisting on weight loss process regardless of discomfort （OR=2.008;95%CI：1.245-3.238）, slimming purpose （body beauty） （OR=1.786;95% CI： 1.095-2.913）, and slimming purpose （fashion） （OR=3.169; 95%CI： 1.545-6.498）. Subjects with longer dinner time （OR=0.556; 95% CI： 0.341-0.907） and preferring light diet （OR=0.593; 95% CI： 0.406-0.865） had lower rate of unhealthy weight control behaviors. Conclusion Part of female college students are lacking proper understanding of self body shape and unhealthy weight control behaviors and had done harm to their health.