某三甲医院医务人员健康危险因素与健康相关工作效率低下关系的研究

Health risk factors and health-related presenteeism in medical staff of a tertiary grade A hospital

目的：分析某三甲医院医务人员中存在的健康危险因素，并分析其与健康相关工作效率低下之间的关系。方法通过文献查阅和专家咨询，确认了14种健康危险因素纳入调查，并对密歇根大学的健康危险因素评估问卷进行了修改。选择北京市某三甲医院1451名在职医务人员，包括医生、护士、医技人员、药学人员，以及科研、教育、医政、期刊编辑等人员，进行横断面问卷调查和体格检测，收集医务人员的人口学资料、存在的健康危险因素情况以及工作效率情况。结果所调查的14个健康危险因素中，有压力或压力很大所占比例最高（80.2%），其次为睡眠质量差（63.7%），血脂高（33.8%），身体活动少（30.9%），不合理膳食（29.6%）。不同年龄（c2=16.141，P=0.001）、不同职业（c2=15.982，P=0.003）的医务人员之间工作效率低下的发生几率不同，30岁以下的医务人员最容易发生工作效率低下（38.3%），护士发生工作效率低下的几率最大（56.2%）。自我感觉压力很大或有一些压力者、服用放松药者容易发生工作效率低下。结论14种健康危险因素中，医务人员的压力、服用放松药与健康相关工作效率低下存在相关性。

Objective To study the relationships of health risk factors and health-related presenteeism in medical personnel of a tertiary grade A hospital. Methods A literature review and expert consultation were used to identify 14 health risk factors included in the survey, and the Michigan＇s Health Risk Appraisal Questionnaire was modified. Medical personnel of a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing were selected for this cross-sectional study, including doctors, nurses, medical technicians, pharmacists, as well as scientific researchers, and staff members responsible for education, medical affairs, journal editors and other work. Physical measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted to collect demographic data, distribution of health risk factors of medical staff, and productivity information. Results Among 14 health risk factors, pressure or stress had the highest proportion （80.2%）, followed by poor quality of sleep （63.7%）, high blood lipid （33.8%）, low physical activity （30.9%）, and unreasonable diet （29.6%）. Medical staff of different ages（ c 2=16.141, P=0.001） and different occupations（ c 2=15.982, P=0.003） had different probability of presenteeism. Medical staff under 30 years of age were most likely to be presenteeism （38.3%）. The probability of presenteeism in nurse was the highest（56.2%）. Under a high pressure and taking relax medicine seemed more likely to be presenteeism. Conclusion In the 14 kinds of health risk factors, pressure and taking relax medicine in medical staff may be associated with health-related presenteeism.