轨交车辆轮对弹性振动对轴箱轴承寿命的影响

Effect on the Axle Box Bearing Life by the Elastic Vibration of Metro Vehicle Wheel

搭建了某轨交轮对的有限元模型和刚柔耦合的轮对-轴箱动力学模型,并基于所搭建轮对模型进行了相应的模态分析和动力学特性分析,从而计算得到轮对发生弹性振动时轴箱轴承内外侧的振动水平,进而分析轮对弹性振动对轴承寿命的影响,并提出钢轨的定期打磨维护建议。结果表明,轮对的弹性振动随着激扰频率的增加而加强;在所考察的50樼250Hz的不平顺激扰范围内,分别采用刚性轮对模型和柔性轮对模型时,轴箱安装位置处二者的振动加速度相差10.6%樼68.3%;柔性轮对模型中轴箱外侧与内侧轴承寿命的比值随激扰频率的增大而减小,在所考察的不平顺激扰范围内,外侧与内侧寿命的比值的变化区间为0.96樼0.68,轮对的高频弹性振动会引起轴箱外侧轴承寿命显著低于内侧;在进行钢轨打磨时尽量消除波长在100樼150mm范围内的轨道不平顺。

A finite element model of a wheel of a subway and a rigid flexible coupling kinetic model of wheel-ax- le box are built. The corresponding modal analysis and dynamics analysis is made, which is based on the model built. Thus the vibration level of the inside and outside of the axle box bearings can be calculated, when the wheel occurs elastic vibration. Furthermore the effect of the elastic vibration of wheel on the bearing life is analyzed and the recommendations about regular rail grinding maintenance is put forward. The results show： the elastic vibration of wheelset strengthens with the increasing excitation frequency. In the investigated 50～ 250Hz irregularity excitation range, when the rigid wheelset model and flexible wheelset model is respectively used, a difference of the vibration acceleration of the installation position of the axle boxes on the wheelset is 10.6% - 68.3%. In the flexible wheelset model, the ratio of the outside and the inner of the axle box bearing life decreases with the increasing excitation fre- quency. Within the investigated irregularity excitation range, the change range of the ratio of the outer and the inner lifetime is 0.96 to 0.68. The high-frequency elastic vibration of wheelset can cause outside axle box bearing life is significantly lower than the inside. When grinding the rail, you try to eliminate the track irregularity whose long range is in the 100-150mm.