摘要
《汉书》卷三〇《艺文志》"天文"题下著录《海中星占验》等6种著作共136卷。题名均首言"海中"。一些学者继张衡"海人之占"说,以为是航海技术经验总结。顾炎武《日知录》则判定"海中"即"中国",应与航海行为无关。然而考察《汉书》语言习惯,"海中"均指海上。《艺文志》"天文"类"海中星占"书之所谓"海中",应当不是顾炎武所谓"中国"。《淮南子》等文献所见以星象判定海上航行方向的情形,可以说明航海技术的进步。多种文化迹象表明,汉代"海上星占"书应包含海上天文观象的记录,在一定意义上具有航海经验总结的性质,应当可以看作早期海洋学的成就。
Abstract： Under the title ＂Astronomy＂ of Yiwenzhi （艺文志） from Hanshu （汉书） Vol. 30th, there are six kinds of books containing a total of 136 volumes, including ＂Haizhong Astrology＂. All of the first word of those titles is ＂Haizhong＂ （海中）. Some scholars following Zhangheng＇s （张衡） understanding of ＂Astrol- ogy of Hairen （海人）＂ saying that it is a summary of maritime technology and experience. The argument of- fered by Rizhilu （ 日知录） written by Guyanwu （顾炎武） is that ＂Haizhong＂ means ＂China＂ and has nothing to do with navigation. However, investigating the language habits of Hanshu, one can find that ＂Haizhong＂ always refers to the sea. Therefore, ＂Haizhong＂ coming from ＂Astronomy＂ of Yiwenzhi should not mean ＂China＂. Making use of astrology to determine the direction of the sea voyage, which is seen fromHuainanzi （海南子） and other documents, the progress of navigation technology can be explained. A variety of cultural information indicates that the Hart books of ＂Haishang Astronomy＂ should contain astro- nomical records at sea, which in a sense is, a summary of sailing experience and should be seen as an early oceanography achievement
出处
《史学集刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期36-42,108,共8页
Collected Papers of History Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“秦汉时期的海洋探索与早期海洋学研究”(13AZS005)
关键词
汉代
天文
海中
星占
航海
Han Dynasty
astronomy
Haizhong （海中 ）
astrology
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