分析哲学和心理学视角下的当前中国社会道德滑坡论考察

Theory of Moral Decline in Modern China Based on the Viewpoint of Analytic Philosophy and Psychology

改革开放以来,中国的经济建设取得了巨大成就,这是有目共睹、一致认同的,但是,关于当前中国社会是否出现了道德滑坡现象,人们观点不一。有些人认为,经济发展自然伴随着道德的进步,而有些人则从现实社会不断出现的道德危机事件中认为当前中国社会出现了严重的道德滑坡和道德危机。如何准确地说明经济发展和道德建设两者之间的辩证关系,既是一个理论问题,又是一个时代问题。综合当代英美分析哲学的语言研究成果和道德心理学理论,可以发现,道德认知水平受历史、文化等因素影响较大,相对独立于经济发展水平;而在同等的道德认知水平上,经济发展有助于道德行为的发生,并且只有在经济发展到一定程度的时候,社会才会普遍出现道德认知转换为相应的道德行为现象。

China＇s economic construction saw great achievements since the reform and opening-up. But there and different opinions about moral decline in modern China, and there have been more and more events nowadays proposing the issue of moral crisis. How to define the relation between economic development and moral construction is an issue of the times. Taking reference from the research findings in analytic philosophy and moral psychology, this paper categorizes the morality concept into two factors： moral awareness and moral behavior, it holds that moral awareness is relatively independent of economic development, and at the same level of moral awareness, higher level of economic development is conducive to generating moral behaviors. In this way the paper reconciles the conflicting theories of moral decline and no moral decline.