我国集体所有制的历史演进及其制度启迪

Historical Evolution and System Inspiration of the Collective Ownership in China

所有制制度改革是我国改革开放以来触及制度层次最深、社会感知最强、发展效应最大的改革领域,所有制制度的调整最终形成了社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度,这是理解集体所有制变化轨迹的社会背景。新中国建国初期形成的集体所有制具有历史的必然性,虽然因为现实需要对其进行过一些适应性调整,但直至改革开放之前都没有触动所有制的基本格局。在改革开放的历史进程中,城镇集体所有制和农村乡镇企业集体所有制已经终结,农村农业集体所有制在农业经营制度变革和演进的历史进程中正在发生结构性变革,因不断强化土地经营权权能的实践需要,致使作为农村集体所有制核心内涵的土地所有权正被逐渐稀释,集体所有制的重建只能寄希望于发展新的集体所有制形式。我国集体所有制的历史演进包含着丰富的制度内蕴,对其提炼可以加深人们对集体所有制变革进程的理解,同时也有助于准确把握我国集体所有制的未来变化趋势。

Ownership reform is the most significant reform field in Chings reform and opening process since it touches the deepest level of system connotation, arises the strongest social perception and makes the biggest effect on the country＇s development. The adjustment of ownership system eventually formed the basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism, which is the social background to understand the changing track of the collective ownership. Collective ownership formed in the early days of New China was a historical necessity. Although it had been adjusted to meet some realistic demands, its basic framework did not essentially change until the reform and opening started in China. In the historical process of this reform, urban collective ownership and town--enterprises collective ownership have both ended. Rural ag- ricultural collective ownership has also undergone structural changes in the evolution of agricultural management system. Due to the strengthening of the practical demands on land management right, the land ownership is being gradually diluted even if it is the core meaning of the rural collective ownership. The reconstruction of collective ownerships can only rely on the hope of the development of new its patterns. The historical evolution of the collective ownership system contains a wealth of intrinsic system connotation. The summary and refining can deepen our understanding of the changing laws in collective ownership and also help to accurately grasp the trend of our collective ownership system.