转型与升级:我国农业家庭经营的必由之路——基于农业现代化的视角

Transformation and Upgrading:the Indispensable Road to Agricultural Household Operation in China——Perspective in Development of Agricultural Modernization

以小规模分散农户粗放经营为主要特点的传统农业家庭经营方式在资源环境约束趋紧、农产品国际国内价格倒挂、小生产与大市场矛盾凸显、农民老龄化、农户兼业化、农业副业化进一步加剧等现实压力下越来越难以为继,难以担当我国农业现代化的历史重任。传统农业家庭经营转型升级成为我国农业现代化的必然选择。具体而言,传统农业家庭经营转型升级包括土地由小规模分散经营向适度规模经营转型,农业经营主体由传统农户向专业大户、家庭农场升级,农业家庭经营方式由传统的粗放经营向集约经营转型,农业家庭经营形式由过去分户封闭生产经营向参与社会化分工的开放合作经营转型,农业家庭经营战略由单一的农业经营向一、二、三产业融合发展升级。

The traditional household operation in rural areas is mainly featured by small--scale extensive operation by scattered peasant households, under the practical pressures like the increasingly tight restriction from environment and re sources, the inversion of agricultural product prices at abroad and home, the serious contradiction between small produc-tion and big market, and the aggravation of aging peasants, part-time peasant households, and by-business agriculture and so on, which is impossible to bear the historical burden of agricultural modernization in China. The transformation from traditional household-operating agriculture to modern agriculture is an inevitable choice in China. In this regard, the transformation of traditional household-operating agriculture includes： the operation of land transformation from smallscale scattered operation to moderate scale operation; the main agricultural operators transformation from traditional peasant households to professional farmers ＆ family farms; the agricultural mode of household operation transformation from traditional extensive operation to intensive operation; the household operation type transformation from the past close household production to the open ＆ cooperative operation that participates in socialized division of labor; and the household operation strategy upgrades from the single agricultural operation to the integrated development of the primary, secondary ＆ tertiary industries.