高脂饲粮对日本鹌鹑(Cotur nix japonica)盲肠微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of High Lipid Diet on Cecal Microbial Community Structure of Japanese Quail(Cotur nix japonica)

本试验旨在研究高脂饲粮对日本鹌鹑（Cotur nix japonica）盲肠微生物群落结构、组成及其脂肪代谢的影响。选择160只1日龄日本鹌鹑,1~6周龄饲喂半合成饲粮,6周龄时,所有鹌鹑随机分成2个组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只。2组分别饲喂半合成饲粮和添加胆固醇的半合成饲粮,继续饲喂6周。试验期结束后,每个重复随机挑选1只接近平均体重的鹌鹑进行屠宰,收集血液分离得到血浆用于脂肪代谢指标分析;采集鹌鹑盲肠内容物,用焦磷酸测序分析微生物群落结构和组成。结果表明：1）高脂饲粮组鹌鹑总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）含量和LDL/高密度脂蛋白（HDL）显著提高（P〈0.05）;2）高脂饲粮显著降低盲肠微生物多样性（P〈0.05）;在微生物科水平,高脂饲粮显著降低Lactobacillal、Streptococcaceae和Clostridiales（P〈0.05）、其他（others）科的丰度（P〈0.05）,显著提高Erysipelotrichales、Erysipelotrichaceae科的丰度（P〈0.05）,在微生物属水平,高脂饲粮显著降低Ruminococcaceae、Ruminococcus的丰度（P〈0.05）,但是显著提高了Erysipelotrichaceae、cc_115和Erysipelotrichaceae、Eubacterium的丰度（P〈0.05）;3）cc_115（Erysipelotrichaceae）和未被分类的微生物（属于Lachnospiraceae科）丰度与TC、LDL含量和LDL/HDL呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,除此之外Eubacterium（Erysipelotrichaceae）只与LDL/HDL呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,Ruminococcus（Ruminococcaceae）的丰度与TC、LDL含量和LDL/HDL呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）,Ruminococcus（Lachnospiraceae）的丰度与HDL含量呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。由此可见,高脂饲粮影响了日本鹌鹑盲肠微生物群落的结构、组成及其脂肪代谢。

The object of this study was to investigate the effects of high lipid diet on cecal microbial community structure and composition and its lipid metabolism of Japanese quail（Cotur nix japonica）.A total of 160 oneday-old Japanese quail fed a semi-synthetic diet for the first 6 weeks.At 6 weeks of age,the birds were randomly divided into 2 groups with 8 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate,fed either a regular synthetic diet or a synthetic diet with added cholesterol for another 6 weeks.After the feeding trial,8 birds from each group were euthanized and collected blood for testing the lipid metabolism indices,cecal contents for investigating the microbial community by using pyrosequencing.The results showed as follows： 1） The content of total cholesterol（TC）,lowdensity lipoprotein（LDL） and LDL/high density lipoprotein（HDL） of Japanese quail were significantly increased in high lipid diet group（P〈0.05）.2） High lipid diet significantly decreased cecal microbial diversity（P〈0.05）; in high lipid diet group,the abundance of family Lactobacillales,Streptococcaceae and Clostridiales,others was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）,while the abundance of family Erysipelotrichales,Erysipelotrichaceae was significantly increased（P〈0.05）.3） The abundance of cc_115（Erysipelotrichaceae）and unclassified bacteria belong to Lachnospiraceae were positively correlated with contents of TC,LDL and LDL/HDL（P〈0.05）,besides Eubacterium（Erysipelotrichaceae） was only positively correlated with LDL/HDL（P〈0.05）,while the abundance of Ruminococcus（Ruminococcaceae） was negatively correlated with contents of TC,LDL and LDL/HDL（P〈0.05）,and the abundance of Ruminococcus（Lachnospiraceae） was positively correlated with contents of HDL（P〈0.05）.In conclusion,high lipid diet highly affects the cecal microbial community structure and composition and its lipid metabolism of Japanese quail.