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脑梗死后运动功能恢复机制的弥散磁共振成像研究进展 被引量:5

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摘要 脑梗死是导致成人瘫痪的主要原因之一,而运动功能障碍则是脑梗死引起的最常见后遗症[1]。运动功能恢复的程度密切影响患者及其家人的生活质量,故对脑梗死后运动功能恢复机制的研究至关重要。目前最常用的研究方法是经颅磁力刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)和功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)[2-3]。而弥散MRI相对前两者的优越性在于其能准确地识别和评估脑梗死对皮层下白质纤维束的影响[4]。弥散是人体重要的生理活动和体内物质转运的重要形式。水分子在脑组织中的弥散主要受半透膜、细胞内外和血管间隙微结构定向性存在的影响,导致水分子更多沿平行于障碍物的方向运动,这种弥散的方向性就是各向异性。脑组织中的水分子多是沿平行于白质纤维束的方向弥散,故白质有很高的各向异性,而当白质受损时会导致各项异性降低。目前已知的弥散MRI技术主要包括采用高斯弥散模型的弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)[5]和弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)[1]、采用非高斯弥散模型的弥散峰度成像(diffusion kurtosis imaging,DKI)[6-7]和q-空间成像(q-space imaging,QSI)[8]。DWI是早期诊断脑梗死的重要方法,且能准确定位梗死病灶的范围。DTI能获得较DWI更为精确的白质纤维束微结构信息,且基于DTI信息的弥散张量纤维束成像(diffusion tensor tractography,DTT)能直观显示纤维束的三维形态,特别是梗死区与皮质脊髓束(corticospinal tract,CST)的关系,对判断预后起到重要作用。此外,更先进的DKI和QSI技术则充分考虑生物体不同组织弥散环境的异质性,认为脑组织中水弥散存在非高斯概率分布,可以提供更多的组织微结构信息。本文对各种弥散MRI技术在脑梗死运动功能恢复机制研究中的应用和进展进行综述,探讨脑梗死后运动功能恢复的可能生物学机制。
出处 《中华生物医学工程杂志》 CAS 2015年第1期91-94,共4页 Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering
基金 国家自然科学基金(81271564) 天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究计划项目(12JCZDJC23800)
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参考文献36

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二级参考文献11

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