河南省2004—2013年风疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Henan province from 2004 to 2013

目的了解河南省2004—2013年风疹的流行病学特征,为制定风疹的防治策略提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对河南省2004—2013年国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中的风疹疫情资料进行分析。结果河南省2004—2013年共累计报告风疹病例14 468例,年平均发病率为1.53/10万;各省辖市均有病例报告,发病率高于全省平均水平的有郑州、许昌、焦作、平顶山、洛阳和三门峡6个省辖市;有明显的季节性,以每年的3—6月多发;83.99%的病例集中在<15岁人群,以学生最多,男女发病比为1.49:1。结论河南省风疹发病率处于较低水平,但15岁以下儿童和学生为主要发病人群,应提高中、小学生等重点人群风疹疫苗的接种率,加大风疹疫苗接种的宣传,并加强重点人群的疫情监测,制定切实可行的全省预防控制风疹的策略。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Henan province from 2004 to 2013, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of rubella. Methods The incidence data of rubella in Henan during 2004-2013 was obtained from the National Disease Reporting Information System and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 14 468 rubella cases were reported from various areas accumulatively in Henan province during 2004-2013 with the annual average incidence of 1.53/lakh. Incidence rates of rubella in Zhengzhou, Xuchang, Jiaozuo, Pingdingshan, Luoyang and Sanmenxia cites were higher than the provincial average. Rubella infection in Henan presented distinct seasonal feature and the epidemic peak appeared from March to June. The ratio of male to female cases was 1.49：1.Up to 83.99% of the cases were children underl5 years and most of them were students. Conclusion The incidence of rubella was relatively low in Henan province, but children aged underl5 years and students were the main attacked population. It is important to enhance the coverage rate of rubella vaccination among key population （primary and middle school students）. It is necessary to strengthen epidemic monitoring, publicity and formulate effective control strategies.