无人机机载低温液氢储罐结构设计与强度分析

Simulation of Mechanical Strength of Novel Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Tank for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

完成机载低温液氢储罐的基本结构设计,通过设计使用新型绝热支撑结构,解决了传统支撑结构热流量过大的问题,通过薄膜容器理论和有限元数值模拟方法对储罐进行强度计算与校核,使用赫兹接触理论与ANYSY数值模拟两种方法对绝热支撑进行结构分析并通过拉伸实验校核强度。为壳体接管接柱结构和点接触式支撑及类似轴承结构提供了一套简单有效的分析方法。研究结果表明:点接触式支撑结构最大应力比传统支撑结构大9倍,支撑结构和储罐可以满足强度要求。

A novel type of the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank,dedicated to unmanned aerial vehicles（ UAV）,was designed and fabricated. The original work includes the stainless-steel spherical containers,with walls coated with thermal insulation multilayers,and the adiabatic point-support assemblies,consisting of zirconia balls,washers and rods,to significantly reduce the weight and heat-leakage of the tank. The mechanical properties of the new tank＇s structure were modeled,theoretically analyzed in thin film container theory and numerically simulated in finite element method; the mechanical behavior of the novel adiabatic support assemblies was analytically calculated in Hertz contact theory,numerically simulated with software ANSYS and experimentally evaluated. The preliminary results show that the novel spherical tank with the point-contact support assemblies outperforms the conventional cylindrical tank. To be specific,the newly-developed tank and support assemblies meet well the stringent mechanical requirements; and the highest stress of the point-contact support is 9 times higher than that of the conventional one.