发展中国家接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的影响因素

Influent Factors of Vaccine Inoculation of Human Papillomavirus in Developing Countries

当前,宫颈癌仅次于乳腺癌成为威胁全世界女性健康的第二大恶性肿瘤。宫颈癌的产生和发展与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染密切相关,在宫颈癌患者中几乎100%能检测到HPV感染。接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗是预防宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的主要方法。欧美等发达国家宫颈癌死亡率相对较低,主要是因为他们建立了完善的宫颈癌筛查项目和HPV疫苗接种项目。而发展中国家的宫颈癌死亡率较高,发展中国家缺乏自主研发的HPV疫苗,人们对HPV和宫颈癌认知水平偏低,直接影响HPV疫苗的接受度。本文综述了影响发展中国家接种HPV疫苗的因素,主要包括人们的宫颈癌和HPV感染相关知识水平、文化背景、HPV疫苗安全性与局限性、接种费用等方面。通过加大宣传HPV感染和HPV疫苗的相关知识,由政府和正规医疗机构提供疫苗渠道,同时国家承担全部或部分接种费用,将会大大提高发展中国家人群接种HPV疫苗,有效降低宫颈癌的死亡率。

Currently, cervical cancer becomes a second largest malignancy after breast cancer, which threats the women＇s health in the whole world. The emergence and development of cervical cancer is closely related to human papillomavirus （HPV） infection Which can be detected almost 100 % in cervical cancer patients. Vaccine inoculation of HPV is a critical way for preventing against the cervical precancerous lesion and cervical cancer. The cervical cancer mortality is relatively low in European, US and other developed countries. This is because they estimated comprehensive cancer screening and vaccine inoculation programmes. However, the cervical cancer mortality is high in developing countries where people lack domestically developed HPV vaccine and people＇ s awareness and knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer are at a lower level. In this paper, we discuss influent factors of vaccine inoculation of human papillomavirus in the developing countries, mainly involving the people＇s awareness and knowledge about HPV infection, culture background, safety and limitation of HPV vaccine, vaccine cost, and etc. Through increasing publicity about HPV infection and HPV vaccine related knowledge, the government and medical institutions providing vaccine, and the government assuming all or part costs of the national vaccination, the HPV vaccination inoculation will be greatly improved in the developing countries, then the cervical cancer mortality will reduce effectively.