广东规模化猪场排污特征分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of sewage discharge from large-scaled pig farms in Guangdong province

对广东地区10个规模化猪场污水污染物进行监测。结果表明，猪舍污水氨氮、总磷、CODcr、BOD5悬浮物含量和粪大肠菌群数量分别为277．4～921．8、57．6～132．8、677．4-5046，9、248．2-4122．5、374．8～3290．3mg／L及75420×10^43961610×10^4个。多数猪场处理设施排水中各污染指标值较相应猪舍排水明显降低，上述各指标降幅分别为10．9％～97-8％、33．4％～99．0％、75．4％～95．1％、25．6％-99．3％、54．O％～97．3％和55．7％～99．9％。猪场排水污染物含量评价结果显示，猪场排水中粪大肠菌群超标现象较为普遍，氮、磷养分、有机污染指标和悬浮物含量排放不达标主要集中于园洲镇、罗阳镇、龙溪镇、长宁镇等猪场。总体上，广东地区规模化猪场污水处理设施对猪舍污水具有较好的净化效果，但猪场排水中仍存在粪大肠菌群等污染物排放不达标现象。

Ten large-scaled pig farms in Guangdong province were selected to monitor the pollutant contents in sewage discharged from the farms. The results showed that, concentrations of ammonia nitrogen （ NH3-N ）, total phosphorus （ TP ）, CODcr, BODs, total suspended solids （ TSS ） and fecal coliforms were 277.4-921.8 mg/L, 57.6-132.8 mg/L, 677.4-5 046.9 rag/L, 248.2-4 122.5 rag/L, 374.8-3 290.3 mg/L and 75 420 ×10^4-3 961 610×10^4, respectively. Significant decreases of 10.9%-97.8%, 33.4%-99.0%, 75.4%-95.1%, 25.6%-99.3%, 54.0%-97.3% and 55.7%-99.9% were observed for pollutants mentioned above as the piggery sewage treated with the sewage disposal systems. The discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding was used to evaluate the potential sewage contamination by nutrients, organic pollutants, TSS and fecal coliforms. The results indicated that fecal coliform bacteria exceeded the standard in most pig farm sewage, while NH3-N, TP, CODcr. BOD5 and TSS exceeded the standard in sewage mainly from the pig farms in Yuanzhou, Luoyang, Longxi and Changning towns. In summary, the sewage disposal systems performed well in purifying piggery sewage, however, several pollutants especially fecal coliforms in pig farm discharge exceeded the standard due to other exogenous pollutant sources.