基于耕作可达性的耕地保护分区研究

Protection zoning of cultivated land based on cultivation accessibility

耕地保护是夯实国家粮食安全战略的重要手段,积极开展耕地保护分区研究,对强化耕地管护具有重要实践意义。不侵占耕地仅是耕地保护的基础,寻求农户对耕地可持续性耕作服务的投入,强化农户耕作意愿对耕地保护的重要性才是最终目的。从耕作可达性的视角来细化耕地保护分区,构建耕地可达性模型,并引入耕作服务需求与供给等概念,着重介绍了耕作供应总量、耕作需求总量、耕作服务能力系数以及耕作可达性指数等相关参数的计算。以浙江省宁海县为例,介绍了耕作可达性模型在研究区域的实践。结果表明,从人力、经济、土地三方面构建的耕作供应能力评价指标体系,评价结果能够客观反映宁海县耕作实际情况;基于耕地可达性指数的耕作分区,在综合考虑耕地质量和耕作距离的影响下,可将全县耕地划分为重点保护区、积极保护区和一般保护区,不同保护区施行不同保护措施。该研究可为细化耕地保护分区提供新视角。

Protecting the cultivated land resource has a significant meaning to food security of national strategy, and putting forward the research in protection zoning of cultivated land positively has an important practical significance for reinforcing the management of cultivated land. Keeping the cultivated land uninvaded is just the baseline, and looking for the investment of cultivation service provided by the farmers into the sustainable cultivation, and strengthening the willingness of cultivation is the ultimate purpose. This paper explored the protection zoning of cultivated land from the point of cultivation accessibility, and built up a model of it through introducing the demand and supply of cultivation service, with the highlight explanation and calculation of the total supply, the total demand, the ability of cultivation coefficient and the index of cultivation accessibility. The cultivation model was used by taking the Ninghai County in Zhejiang Provence as the study area. The results showed that, the evaluation index system built up by selecting types of indexes from the labor, economic and land factors could well describe the actual situation of cultivation in Ninghai County. The protection zoning based on the index of cultivation accessibility comprehensively took the quality of cultivated land and the cultivation distance into account, therefore it could discriminate into the key protection zoning, the positive protection zoning and the normal protection zoning, and each kind of protection zoning took different types of protection measures. The study can provide a new perspective for the protection zoning of cultivated land.