优秀速滑运动员弯道滑跑与陆上模拟肌电特征及其对训练的启示

EMG Characteristics in Curve Skating and Land Simulation of Excellent Speed Skating Athlete

目的:通过对优秀速滑运动员冰上弯道滑跑和陆上模拟训练肌肉用力特征的对比研究,为提高陆上训练的专项性提供科技支撑。方法:以奥运冠军张虹为研究对象,采用视频与肌电同步技术采集冰上与陆上肌电参数,从做功的主要肌群、肌肉激活强度和肌肉激活顺序3个方面,对弯道滑跑肌肉用力特征及陆上模拟训练的专项性进行分析。结果:张虹胫骨前肌和股前肌群是冰上支撑阶段的主要做功肌群;胫骨前肌自收腿起至着冰止,处于持续发力状态,蹬冰时灭活;股前肌群着冰前处于激活状态,收腿阶段灭活;胫骨前肌激活程度屈过程大于伸过程,股前肌群激活程度伸过程大于屈过程;陆上模拟肌肉用力特征与专项有一定差异,但对股前肌群有较好的训练作用。结论:冰陆间肌电的差异是由于支撑条件与方式不同引起的,根据专项技术的特殊需求,对训练器材进行适当改造和对训练细节进行完善,可进一步加强训练的专项化程度,提高训练效益。

Objective：Through a comparative study on speed skating athlete＇s characteristics of muscle working in curve skating on ice and land simulatedtraining,this article aims to provide scientific support for enhancing the specialty of land training. Methods：Based on the research object,Olympic championZhang Hong,her EMG parameter in ice and land training was collected with the methods of synchronizing video and EMG. Meanwhile,it analyzed her charac-teristics of exerting muscles in curve skating and in specialty of simulated land training from three dimensions,that is,from major working muscles,muscleactivation intensity and muscle activation order. Results：Anterior tibia and quadriceps femoris was the major working muscle groups;Tibialis anterior musclewas constantly in power before landing on ice and inactivated when pushing;Quadriceps femoris was activate in advance before landing and inactivated whenoff ice;The activation level of tibialis anterior muscle is greater in flexion,while the quadriceps femoris is in extension. And there were some differences be-tween ice training and land training in characteristics of special muscle force,but the curve drawing had very high training value for quadriceps. Conclusions：EMG differences between ice training and land training resulted from different supportive conditions and supportive means. To cater for special requirement ofspecific technique,the specialty of training can be further intensified through improving training equipment and perfecting details in training. Hence the train-ing efficiency can be greatly improved.