人格、锻炼动机和锻炼取向对体育锻炼情绪效益的作用

Role of Personality,Exercise Motivation and Exercise Orientation to Emotional Effects of Physical Exercise

采用问卷调查法,以大学生和中学生为研究对象,大学生773人,其中男生423人,女生350人,平均年龄19.93岁;中学生285人,其中男生118人,女生167人,平均年龄16.20岁。总计1 058人,男生541人,女生517人。研究旨在探讨青少年人格、锻炼动机和锻炼情绪效益在体育锻炼情绪效益中的作用机制。研究发现,体育锻炼的情绪效益具有复杂的结构,其产生不是由单一因素所决定的,而是多种因素综合作用的结果。其中,人格、锻炼动机和锻炼取向对体育锻炼情绪效益影响的整体模型是有效的;大五人格与情绪效益之间的动机中介模型为最佳模型;动机作为大五人格对情绪效益的中介调节作用,仅体现于高动机个体。研究从整体视角展开克服了仅从单一视角研究提高锻炼情绪效益的局限,对从全局把握有关变量与情绪效益的关系,以及各变量之间的关系提供了新的方法,为准确理解影响锻炼情绪效益的因素和提高情绪效益的方法奠定了实证基础。研究提示,重视个体的人格特质、关注锻炼动机和锻炼取向的引导是达到理想锻炼情绪效益的重要保证,并表明任何环节的缺失都会降低锻炼的情绪效益。研究所得人格、锻炼动机、锻炼取向和情绪效益的结构关系为从整体上理解如何增加情绪效益,促进心理健康,采取相应策略提供了科学依据。

The study adopted the method of questionnaire,and investigated college students 773,including male 423,female 350,averaged 19.93 years ofage,and high school students 285,including male 118,female 167,averaged 16.20 years of age. The total subjects were 1058,including male 541,female517. The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of personality,exercise motivation and exercise orientation to emotional effects of physical exercise. Thestudy found that emotional effects of physical exercise with complex structure,and was not determined by the single factor of production,but the result of com-prehensive shaping of many factors. The overall model of personality,exercise motivation and exercise orientation on the emotional effect was effective;themodel on the big five personality and emotional effects,mediation model of exercise motive was the best model;this mediating role as an exercise motivationon big five personality and emotional effects,only effect on subjects with high motivation. Research from the overall perspective overcome the limitations of on-ly single perspective,provided new methods for grasping the relationship between relevant variables and emotional benefits from the global,and each variablebetween relationship,improved emotional benefit and lay the empirical basis for accurately understanding the factors that affect the emotional benefits of exer-cise. Studies suggested that attention the guide role of individual personality,exercise motivation and exercise orientation is important guarantee to achieve theideal exercise emotional effects,and show that the lack of any link will reduce the emotional effects of exercise. The overall relationship obtained from the re-search among,personality,exercise motivation,exercise orientation and emotional effects of physical exercise for the understanding of how to increase theemotional effects and to promote mental health,provides scientific basis for taking the corresponding strategy.