趋避道德动机调节方式的作用

Moral Motive about Approaching the Advantages and Avoiding the Disadvantages

道德动机是推动人们产生和完成具有道德意义和行为的内在动因。在解释道德动机的各种理论中,道德动机模型(Model of Moral Motive,MMM)是一种比较综合的理论。该模型透过一个新颖的视角,强调趋避两种动机调节方式在自我、他人和群体背景下产生的道德动机。通过对MMM模型综合性的分析,并且横向比较了道德基础理论(MFT)和行为/结果双系统模型这两个具有代表性的道德理论,挖掘出了MMM模型的比较优势,如强调利他、聚焦于自我的道德动机、群体道德与意识形态之间的联系等。由于MMM模型是基于西方道德观提出的,未来的研究重点应着重于西方道德动机的心理与脑机制与国人的异同以及文化差异对道德动机的影响。

Moral motivation is the internal motives to promote people to generate and complete the behavior that has the moral significance. Among the theories that illustrate the moral motivation, MMM is a considerably comprehensive theory. The MMM present a new six-cell Model of Moral Motives that applies a fundamental motivational distinction in psychology to the moral domain. The rows of MMM represent proscriptive morality and prescriptive morality. The columns of the model represent three primary contexts for morality, involving behaviors focused on the self, others, and group. Through the comparison between MMM with the Dual-System Framework for Morality and MFT, its comparative advantages are discovered such as altruism, moral motivation focusing on self and the relationships between group-focused moralities and ideologies. Nevertheless, considering the model was proposed on the base of western ethics, its applicability in China needs to be investigated deeply.