关注“较不利者”:农村学校撤并的正义性反思——基于罗尔斯的正义原则

Paying Attention to“the Comparatively Disadvantaged”:Justice Reflection of the Rural School Consolidation——Based on the Principles of Justice from John Rawls

受自然与社会等因素的影响,一些偏远地区的农村中小学教育发展前景受到制约,沦为学校教育中的"较不利者"。农村学校大规模与盲目化撤并致使这些"较不利者"的受教育权益遭受了诸多损害。与这些损害密切相关联的农民话语权力缺失、教育机会分配不均、价值取向偏差等因素是与罗尔斯的正义原则相悖离的。确立以公平优先为价值取向的学校撤并理念、保障农村学校撤并决策过程中的程序正义、强化对学校撤并政策执行的监测与评估、完善对"较不利者"的利益补偿实践是推进农村学校撤并正义化的有效探索。

Affected by some natural and social factors, the prospects for the development of primary and secondary school education in remote rural areas are restricted, reduced to the ＂the comparatively disadvantaged＂. The massive and blind consolidation of rural schools has done a lot of harm to the educational rights of these ＂relatively disadvantaged＂. These damages are closely associated with farmers＇ missing power of discourse, the unequal distribution of educational opportunities, and the deviation of value orientation, which are inconsistent with the principles of justice from John Rawls. Establishing a consolidation concept which prefers the fair value orientation, ensuring the procedural justice of decision-making of rural school merging, strengthening the monitor and evaluation of school consolidation policy and consummating the benefit compensation practice of ＂the comparatively disadvantaged＂ are the effective ways of exploring the consolidation and justice of rural schools.