从国际视角看毛泽东发动“大跃进”的历史动因

On The Historical Motivation Of “Great Leap Forward” Launched by Mao Zedong from International Perspective

目前,学术界关于毛泽东发动"大跃进"运动的动因的说法有些偏狭,既不能客观地反映出"大跃进"时中国所处的国际政治环境的基本特点,也没有能够从毛泽东所处的特殊地位及其承担的历史重任出发分析这一问题。从新中国成立到"大跃进"发动这一历史阶段,中国面临着极其复杂险恶的国际环境,作为党和国家最重要的领导者,毛泽东从战略思维的高度出发,试图通过加速实现社会主义工业化,建立起雄厚的经济基础,增强我国国防实力,确保国家国防安全,为此,他发动了"大跃进"运动。"大跃进"期间,毛泽东提出的"工业以钢为纲"、"农业以粮为纲",正是他试图通过发展重工业增强国防力量以及他长期"备战备荒"思想的真切体现。

Opinions from the academic fields about the motivation of the ＂Great Leap Forward＂movement launched by Mao Zedong are at present somewhat insularity,which can neither reflect the basic characteristics of the international political environment of China,nor start from the special status he was in and the heavy historical responsibilities he shouldered to analyze it. China was faced with extremely complex and critical international environment during the historical period from the founding of New China to the launching of ＂Great Leap Forward＂,and,as the most important leader of the State and the Party,Chairman Mao made efforts to accelerate the realization of socialist industrialization,to establish a solid economic foundation and enhance our defense capabilities so as to ensure the security of national defense,starting from the height of strategic thinking. Hence,he launched the well-known ＂Great Leap Forward＂Movement. During which,strategies of ＂Be steel the key link of industry＂while ＂grain,of agriculture＂put forward by him all truly embodied his thought to strive to enhance national defense capabilities through heavy industries,and his long-term thought of ＂being prepared against war and natural disasters＂.