经济共和主义视角下的亚当·斯密公共利益逻辑批判

Critique of Adam Smith's Public Interest Logic: A Perspective of Economic Republicanism

亚当·斯密强调人性自私,公共利益是个人竞相追逐自我利益的副产品。亚当·斯密建立在市场自发性基础上的公共利益理论是以完备的自由市场为前提的,公共品和非市场性相互依赖,缺乏政府的"非支配"性干预,即使是一个完全竞争市场也不可能达到帕累托最优。政府失灵可能源于垄断性的强制权力,也可能源于民主政治竞争。经济共和主义是应对政府失灵的办法。经济共和主义强调以自由市场为经济增长的工具,发挥政府在社会公平正义和市场机制保障上的作用,促使人们共享经济发展的利益。经济共和主义才是亚当·斯密公共利益逻辑的基础。

In Adam Smith＇s view, human is by nature selfish and public interests are by-product of individuals’ competitive pursuit of private interests. His market-self-regulation-based theory of public interests is preconditioned on proper free market and on interdependence between public goods and non- market nature, which suggests that even a totally competitive market cannot reach Pareto Optimality without ”non-dominant“governmental interference. Governmental deficiency may result from monopolized power or democratic political competition. Economic republicanism is a solution to governmental deficiency. It emphasizes on free market as an instrument for economic growth, good play of governmental functions in social justice and market system warranty, hence promoting inclusive enjoyment of economic benefit. Economic republicanism, not economic liberalism, is the foundation of Adam Smith＇s logic of public interests.