浅析西方政治正义的逻辑演变

A Brief Exploration of the Evolution of Western Political Justice Logic

西方政治正义思想对政治正义的理解从规范主义的政治合法性过渡到规范程序主义的政治合法性的过程,实际上都是为了解决政治权力在政治运作上的自我限制问题。这种逻辑演变表明,在脱离了伦理政治的时代,社会政治的正义如何能够通过程序正义达至实质正义。虽然这种程序正义在一定程度上确保了权力运作过程的正义性,但是按照马克思主义的观点,它的实质与规范主义仍然是一样的,那就是它们都起源于对人性的先验预设,这种预设是以个人与社会的分立为基础的,它是资本主义社会的产物,是现代性的二元悖论。

The shift of western doctrines of political justice from prescriptive political legitimacy to prescriptive- ural political legitimacy is in fact aimed to solve the self-limitation of political power in operation. Such an evolution of logic shows how socio-political justice may lead to substantial justice through procedural justice in a time out of ethical politics. Though such a procedural justice to certain extent guarantees the justice of power in operation process, it is, in the Marxist perspective, essentially the same as the prescriptive one. In one word, both of them started from the transcendental presumption of human nature based on individual and society division, which is a product of capitalist society and a modem binary paradox.