木薯/花生间作对根际土壤微生态的影响

The Effect of Cassava/Peanut Intercropping on Microecology in Rhizosphere Soil

为了探明木薯/花生间作在增产增收的同时对土壤微生态的影响,研究木薯和花生以不同行距（30 cm,40 cm,50 cm）间作的根际土壤养分、微生物及相关酶活性的变化。结果表明：木薯/花生间作可增加根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌及总微生物数量和微生物多样性,30 cm间作行距的木薯、花生根际土壤微生物总数量分别比单作木薯、花生增加了129.6%和101.1%;间作根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾和有机质含量相比单作增加,50 cm间作花生的根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾量比单作花生增加了145.9%~195.9%,30 cm间作木薯的根际土壤有效钾、有效磷含量分别比单作木薯增加了161.8%和187.9%;木薯/花生间作的根际土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性活性相比单作升高,间作土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性相比单作降低,30 cm间作木薯的根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性比单作木薯增加了59.2%,50 cm间作花生的根际土壤蔗糖酶活性比单作花生增加了97.4%。可见,木薯/花生间作可改善根际土壤微生态坏境,且适宜的间作行距更利于土壤养分含量和微生物数量的增加。

Cassava/peanut intercropping is a popular cultivation method in the South China,with the advantage of apparent yield increase.In order to analyze the effect of cassava/peanut intercropping on microeclogy in rhizosphere soil,the soil nutrient,microorganism and the related enzymes activities in rhizosphere soil were investigated under the different intercropping row spacing（30 cm,40 cm,50 cm）.The result showed that cassava/peanut intercropping could increase bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and total microbial quantity and microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil,the total microbial quantity of intercropping cassava and peanut rhizosphere in 30 cm row spacing increased by129.6% and 101.1% respectively compared with monoculture cassava and peanut.The available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter content of intercropping rhizosphere soil increased compared with monoculture soil.The available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium of peanut rhizosphere in the 50 cm row spacing increased by 145.9%~195.9% compared with monoculture peanut.In the 30 cm row spacing,the soil available phosphorus,available potassium content of intercropping cassava rhizosphere increased 161.8%and 187.9% respectively compared with monoculture cassava.The soil catalase,acid phosphatase activitiy of cassava/peanut intercropping rhizosphere increased compared with monoculture,but the urease and proteaseactivities of intercropping rhizosphere decreased compared with monoculture rhizosphere soil.The catalase activity of intercropping cassava rhizosphere increased by 59.2% compared with monoculture cassava,The soil invertase activity of intercropping peanut rhizosphere increased by 97.4% compared with monoculture peanut.Therefore,cassava/peanut intercropping can improve rhizosphere soil microecological environment,and the suitable intercropping row spacing is more beneficial to increase soil nutrient contents and the microbial quantity.