中街山列岛岩礁海域鱼类群落多样性研究

FISH COMMUNITY DIVERSITIES IN REEF WATERS OF ZHONGJIESHAN ISLANDS

加快包括岛礁海域鱼类资源在内的渔业资源调查研究,可以进一步完善该区域鱼类群落生态学内容,探究岩礁海域生境生态学功能,为该海域鱼类资源的养护修复、可持续利用和有效管理提供科学依据。本文基于2013年11月—2014年10月的中街山列岛岩礁海域鱼类资源调查数据,对研究区域鱼类组成及群落多样性分析,结果如下:全年渔获鱼类49种隶属9目28科42属,暖水种和暖温种分别为25和24种,底层、近底层和中上层鱼类各为12、26和11种,定居种、季节性洄游种和偶见种各为28、19和2种;褐菖鲉为全年的绝对优势种,黄姑鱼年IRI值最大,为37.23;迁移指数分析显示群落7月份稳定性最高;ABC曲线分析显示6月受到的干扰最小,2月受到的干扰最大;流刺网年渔获率和CPUE分别为44.03尾/km、13.43 kg/km,延绳钓作业分别为4.91尾/100钓、1.67kg/100钓;群落多样性指数分析结果显示,Margalef种类丰富度指数2月最低,为2.35,7月最大,为4.93;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数7—8月均值最大,为2.80左右;均匀度指数最大和最小值分别是0.97、0.74;三种多样性指数均呈现随气温升高而增大的趋势,但均匀度指数变化没有前2个指数明显,12月和5月3种指数均有波动现象发生。

Using survey data from reef waters of Zhongjieshan Islands, East China Sea, from November 2013 to October 2014, we analyzed the fish species composition and community diversity. The result show that 49 species belonging to 9 orders, 28 families, 42 genera were identified. In specific, 25 were warm water fishes, 24 warm temperature fishes, 12 species lived on the reef surface, 26 lived in near-ground waters, and 11 pelagic fishes in surface waters. In addition, 28 fishes were local species, 19 were seasonal species, and another 2 were casual species. Sebastiscus marmoratus were the dominant species throughout the year. The annual index of relative importance of Nibea albiflora was 37.23, the largest. The migration index analysis showed highest community stability in July; ABC curve analysis showed that there was minimum interference in June, largest in February; in drift-net fishing, the catch rate and CPUE were 44.03 ind./km, 13.43 kg/km, and in long-lining, 4.91 ind./100 hooks, 1.67 kg/100 hooks, respectively. Community diversity analysis showed that the mean value of Margalef richness index was lowest in February, which was 2.35; biggest in July for 4.93; maximum Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.80 in July and August. Maximum and minimum values of evenness index are 0.97 and 0.74, respectively. The three diversity indices increased with warming up weather, but the evenness index changes inconspicuous than other two indexes. All the three indices fluctuated in December and May.