四明山脉溪流区水产经济动物棘胸蛙(Paa spinosa)同生群两性亲体间的形质差异

MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BISEXUAL PARENTS OF ECONOMIC FROG PAA SPINOSA IN STREAMS OF SIMING MOUNTAINS

随机选取养殖于四明山脉溪流区的棘胸蛙3年龄同生群人工养成群体中的雌、雄亲体各84只作为研究材料,采用聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析方法研究了棘胸蛙同生群两性亲体间的形质差异。结果表明:(1)在所涉20项生物学测定指标和25项形质评价指标中,两性亲体间具显著差异的分别为17项和16项,两者基于形质评价指标均值计算所得的欧氏距离为0.305(P<0.01);(2)经主成分分析,提取到的5个特征值均大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达80.841%,其中第一主成分可归为与脏器质量配置相关的能量代谢因子,第二主成分可归为以头宽和吻长为代表的与口腔空间大小有关的食物吞咽因子,后三个主成分可归为以足肢比和眼间距为代表的与寻食、跳跃和抱食能力相关的捕食功能因子;(3)采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的L1(前足长/前肢长)、L5(吻长/肩宽)、L7(眼间距/头宽)、W2(胃质量/心质量)、W4(肺质量/心质量)、W6(性腺质量/心质量)为自变量,所建Fisher分类函数方程组可较清晰地区分棘胸蛙两性亲体,雌、雄亲体判别准确率P1、P2分别为84.52%、83.53%和83.33%、84.34%,综合判别率为83.93%。

The morphological differences between bisexual parents of Paa spinosa were studied by cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis. The frog distribute naturally in the steams of the Siming Mountain in Zhejiang, East China. Eighty-four3-year-old mature pairs of males and females were randomly sampled from an artificial cultured single species. Twenty biological traits and 25 morphological indexes were used, of which17 biological traits and 16 morphological indexes showed significant differences in gender（P〈0.05）. The Euclidean distance on the mean of morphological indexes is 0.305（P〈0.01）. Principal component analysis revealed that the accumulative variance percentage of five principal components in eigenvalues larger than 1 was 80.84%. The first principal component could be regarded as energy metabolism factor related to the configuration of organ quality, and the second one could be food deglutition factor related to the oral cavity space size as a representative of head width and snout length, and the last three principal components could be predation function factor related to the ability of hunting, jumping and holding as a representative ratio of foot and leg and interorbital space. In addition, discriminant analysis displayed six principal components： L1（foreleg length/ fore limb length）, L5（snout length/shoulder breadth）, L7（interorbital space/head width）, W2（stomach weight/heart weight）, W4（lung weight/heart weight）, and W6（gonad weight/heart weight）; they were served as independent variables for Fisher classification function equations, with which bisexual parent of P. spinosa could be clearly distinguished. The accurate discriminant rates for two genders were about 84%.