论旅游导向型古村落活化途径

Approach to Revitalizating Historic Villages Oriented by Tourism

随着我国城镇化进程的加快,各地古村落面临越来越严重的被破坏、衰败甚至消失的问题。本文在对"遗产活化"概念和相关理论进行研究的基础上,基于当前古村落旅游发展迅速的背景之下,提出旅游导向型古村落活化。旅游导向型古村落活化由原住民自豪感提升、有形文化遗产活化和无形文化遗产活化构成,具有社区主导性、文化生长性和发展持续性的特征,生态博物馆是促进旅游导向型古村落活化的有效途径,但一些存在的问题仍待深入探讨。

China is a country with thousands of historic villages of great value. A historic village is essentially a settlement as well as a kind of valuable cultural heritage. The literature review shows threats to these villages are reflected in two aspects： the phenomenon of hollowing villages and the accelerated destruction from rural tourism development, The concept of heritage revitalization provides an access to solving these problems. This article put forward approach to revitalizing historic villages oriented by tourism. Considering the background of tourism development in China, this paper put forward three characteristics of tourism-oriented revitalization of historic villages, by introducing not only the concept but also some theories of heritage revitalization that is community-dominance, culture-growth and sustainability. To achieve the goal of tourism-oriented revitalization of historic villages, the authors propose that boasting community pride, revitalizing tangible cultural heritage and revitalizing intangible cultural heritage are three components of it. Based on the literature review and analysis, we found eommonalities between the phiiosophies of ecemuseum and tourism-oriented revitalization of historic villages. Though possible problems remain to be solved, ecomuseum is an efficient path to take the theory of tourism-oriented revitalization of historic villages into practice.