缔合聚合物对常减压蒸馏装置的影响及对策

Impact of HAWP on Atmospheric-vacuum Distillation Unit and Countermeasures

介绍了采油过程中添加的疏水缔合聚合物对常减压装置的影响:换热系统结垢,大幅度降低换热效率,增加加热炉燃料消耗量;堵塞换热器,导致生产系统压力上升,机泵电耗增加,换热设备泄漏着火几率增加,威胁装置安全运行;电脱盐破乳难度加大,增加了破乳剂消耗量。电脱盐电压波动,电流变大,缩短电极吊挂寿命,无法正常运行。脱后含盐、含水量增大;电脱盐罐堵塞,电脱盐反冲洗用水量增加,增加了水的消耗;常减压塔顶部低温盐酸腐蚀加重,塔顶油气管线及塔顶循环系统管线设备腐蚀加剧。增加了塔顶注剂成本及管线、设备检修更换维修费用;污水处理量增大,处理难度及处理成本增加;导致加氢等二次加工装置催化剂中毒、过滤器堵塞。同时介绍了装置通过罐区加温脱水、堵塞设备水冲洗及人工清理、设备材质升级等应对措施。为同类装置问题处理提供了借鉴。

The impacts of HAWP added in oil production on the operation of atmospheric - vacuum distillation unit are discussed, such as fouling of heat exchange system which greatly reduces the heat exchange efficiency and increases the fuel consumption of heaters; plugging of heat exchanger tubes which leads to pressure rise of operating system, increase of electric power consumption of machinery and pumps and fire possibility from leaking of heat exchange equipment ; and increased difficulty in de - emulsification of electro desahing unit and increased consumption of emulsion breakers. The fluctuation of voltage of electro desalting unit and increased electro current have shortened the service life of electrodes, which affects the normal operation of the unit. The salt and water in desahed oil are high. The desalting drum is subject to blocking which increases the requirement of washing water. The low - temperature hydrochloric acid corrosions in the overheads of atmospheric and vacuum towers are deteriorated, and oil vapor lines, recycle lines and equipment of tower overhead are increasingly corroded. The costs of injection of additives at the tower overhead and the costs of inspection, maintenance and replacement of pipelines and equipment are increased. The production of waste water is increased, and the difficulty and cost of water treatment are elevated. In addition, HAWP also causes poisoning of hydrotreating catalysts and plugging of filters. Associated countermeasures are presented such as heated dehydration at the oil tank farms, water washing and cleaning of plugged equipment and material upgrading of equipment, etc, which provide a good reference for the solutions of similar problems.