摩擦耗能器在集装箱起重机抗震设计中的应用

Application of Friction Damper to Anti-seismic Design of Container Cranes

岸边集装箱起重机(简称岸桥)是用于现代化港口集装箱吊装的主要设备。由于绝大多数港口位于沿海地震带,为保证岸桥在地震作用下的安全性和可靠性,首次引入摩擦耗能器作为减隔震装置。为该耗能器制定一套能量设计方法,并为一台有抗震要求的岸桥设计摩擦耗能器。设计并进行缩尺模型试验和仿真分析,验证其具有良好的耗能性能。在岸桥原型上测定实际摩擦系数后,通过该耗能器在偶然级别地震作用下的弹塑性时程响应分析,比较实例添加耗能器前后的各关键物理量和能量分项的结果,表明安装摩擦耗能器的起重机能更好的减小地震载荷对起重机的损害,使起重机仍保有全额或者部分载荷的装卸能力。

Quayside container crane is the major equipment used for lifting containers at modem ports. Since most of the ports locate in the coastal seismic zone, friction dampers are employed to ensure the safety and reliability of the cranes under seismic loads. In this paper, based on energy design method, an anti-seismic device with the friction dampers was designed for a quayside container crane. To validate its efficiency of energy consumption, a scaled model was designed, tested and simulated. After measuring the friction coefficient of the damper in the quayside container crane prototype, the elastoplastic time-history response of the friction damper was analyzed under the accidental-grade seismic intensity. The results show that crane with the friction damper installed has batter anti-seismic performance than that without the friction damper. It is suggested that the cranes with the friction dampers installed can reduce the seismic damage and retain full or partial capacities of loading and unloading.