《文心雕龙》与《文选》“哀”体观辨析

Title "Lament" as a Genre in Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons and Selections of Refined Literature

对以"哀"名体的哀辞和哀策,刘勰和萧统的认识存在差异。刘勰出于清晰辨体的目的,固守哀辞初起时的特征,不愿接受它在施用对象、体式等方面的发展变化,看重的是潘岳的《金鹿哀辞》《泽兰哀辞》,萧统则选择了潘岳更为婉转动人的《哀永逝文》。对于哀策,萧统与刘勰一重视一否,主要原因在于:刘勰论文体多止于西晋,哀策虽源起并不甚晚,然至齐梁时期创作才相对兴盛,故未多论列;萧统本重庙堂之制,又生逢哀策应用相对较多之时,故选录了擅长此体的颜延之和谢朓作品。

Liu Xie＇s Literary Mind and Xiao Tong＇s Selections of Refined Literature had different definitions and understanding of the genre to lament. Liu Xie＇s aim was to distinguish different style, so he defined the lament as a genre with the features shown in the earlier writings such as Pan Yue＇s lamentations over pre-mature deaths, and he did not include into the genre the later stylistic development. Xiao Tong took Pan Yue＇s more ritualistic Elegy for His Wife as an example for lament style. The main reason behind their differences lies in the fact that Liu Xie＇s expounding covered only to the West Jin Dynasty when lamentation was not a type of popular ritual writing, while Xiao Tong＇s time had more ritualistic elegies.