记忆 反思 民权——《淮南子》视阈中的秦末陈胜起义

Memory,Reflection and Civil rights——Chen Sheng Uprising at the End of the Qin Dynasty from the Perspective of Huainanzi

对秦末剧烈的农民起义,《淮南子》有着深刻的历史记忆,痛切认识到秦王朝暴政对民众生存利益所造成的破坏性影响。着眼义为兵本、民为国本与君为政本等三个方面,《淮南子》反思和批判秦王朝统治者极欲主义的治国实践,认为陈胜领导的农民起义是其"积怨在于民也"的必然结果,具有内在的正义性。《淮南子》在政治上虽然坚持尊君立场,但其并未抨击贬斥秦末陈胜起义,而是从民众利益出发,既批判专制君权的消极性,也强调民众所应具有的生存权、发展权,以及面向暴政的反抗权,这种鲜明的传统民权意识彰显出《淮南子》积极的"民本"政治精神。

With regard to the violent peasants uprising at the end of the Qin dynasty,Huainanzi profoundly recognizes the devastating impact that tyranny has on the people.Based on the importance of justice to the warfare,people to the nation and monarch to the politics,it reflects and criticizes totalitarianism of the Qin dynasty as governing practice,which causes resentment among the people and eventually results in the inevitable peasants uprising led by Chen Sheng.Huainanzi agrees on maintaining the interests of the monarch,but it does not denounce Chen's uprising.On the contrary,it adheres to the people's interests,criticizing the negativity of autocratic monarchy and stressing that people should have the right to live and develop,as well as the right to resist the tyranny.This distinctive traditional consciousness on civil rights reflects the positive 'people-oriented' spirit of politics.