非病毒基因载体的递送屏障及其提高基因递送效率的研究进展

Research Progress in Gene Delivery Barriers of Non-viral Vectors and Its Improving Gene Delivery Efficiency

随着肿瘤基因治疗研究的逐渐深入,其临床应用逐渐增多,其中载体的选择是基因治疗的主要难题。非病毒基因载体由于安全性高,毒性低,免疫原性低,制备简单等突出优点而具有良好的应用前景,其缺点是转染效率低,主要是由于在非病毒载体介导基因治疗中存在三道屏障,即细胞膜、内涵体-溶酶体系统、核膜;因此,要提高非病毒载体基因转染效率,就要保证载体系统有效跨越三道屏障将目的基因成功运送至靶部位。综述非病毒基因载体的递送屏障以及提高基因递送效率的研究进展文献,并对其研究进展做了简要分析。

Gene therapy possesses a tremendous potential for the successful treatment of cancer with the research development of it. A major problem in the application of cancer gene therapy is the lack of a safe and efficient delivery system for nucleic acids. Non-viral vectors have shown a promising perspective because of their high safety, low toxicity, low immunogenicity, easy preparation and other prominent points. And its disadvantage of low transfection efficiency is mainly due to the presence of three barriers in non-viral vectors mediated gene therapy： the cell membrane, endosome- lysosome system, and the nuclear envelope. Therefore, to improve the gene transfection efficiency of non- viral vectors, it is necessary to ensure that the vector systems pass across the three barriers and transfer gene to target sites successfully. The literatures about gene delivery barriers of non-viral vectors and the research progress of improving the gene delivery efficiency are summarized, and a brief analysis on the research progress is made.