对《内河交通安全管理条例》第64条的质疑及建议——以行政法权责统一原则为视角

Doubts and Suggestions on Article 64 of Regulations concerning the Administration of Traffic Safety on Inland Waters:Taking the Principle of Consistency between Rights and Responsibilities in Administrative Law as the Perspective

多年来,《内河交通安全管理条例》(2002年版)第64条关于"暂扣船舶"和"没收船舶"规定难以执行到位。主要原因是法规只赋予海事管理机构暂扣和没收无证船舶的职权,没有明确海事管理机构确保履行职权所必须的条件,也没有明确实施暂扣和没收无证船舶的最终目的,使海事执法人员难以主动、有效行使法定职权。为使该规定执行到位,有关机关应遵循行政法权责统一原则,从船舶扣押场所设置或者委托保管、扣押船舶安全值班、船舶扣押和没收后的具体处置程序和明确当事人等方面完善配套规定。

For many years, it has been difficult to adequately implement the provisions on temporary detention of ships and confiscation of ship in Article 64 of Regulations concerning the Administration of Traffic Safety on Inland Waters（2002）. The major cause is that the law has only entitled the maritime administration with the responsibilities of detaining and confiscating ships without certificates, while no conditions are provided in the law for the maritime administration to ensure the performance of the responsibilities.Nor is the ultimate purpose for the temporary detention or confiscation of such ships clearly stated in the law.Thus, it is difficult for the maritime law-enforcement staff to actively and effectively perform their statutory responsibilities.To adequately implement the relevant provision, the authority concerned should follow the rule of consistency between rights and responsibilities in the administrative law and improve supporting regulations on such aspects as establishment of ship detention sites, holding in trust, safety watch-keeping of detention ships, specific operation procedures after the detention or confiscation, and the determination of parties concerned.