社会企业的法律界定与监管——以社会企业参与养老产业为分析样本

The Legal Definition of Social Enterprise and Its Supervision:An Analysis of Social Enterprise's Participation in Elderly Care

社会企业可以被概括地界定为利用企业手段实现社会目的的组织,其并非一个全新的事物,历史上不同国家都存在各自的社会企业形态。20世纪70年代在西方国家经济衰退和政府财政收入减少的社会背景下,为了解决贫困、弱势群体就业以及养老服务的需要,社会企业开始迅速发展并获得了世界的广泛关注。社会企业能够弥补政府失灵和市场失灵并增强经济的稳定性和增长潜力,尤其契合养老产业的发展需要。社会企业同样需要监管以防止其偏离公益目的,我国应当结合社会现实对社会企业做出明确的法律界定,并借鉴英国、日本等国的经验为社会企业设计科学的监管措施。

Social enterprise can be generalized as entities fulfilling social purpose through entrepreneur ways,and it is not a completely new thing,having been in existence in history in many countries in varied forms.With the economic decline and the reduction of finance income in western states in 1970 s,social enterprise began to develop rapidly and drew world attention. Social enterprise can remedy the government failure and market failure and strengthen economic stability and growth potential,especially satisfying the needs of elderly care. Social enterprise needs to be supervised in order to prevent it from deviating its social purpose,and China should give social enterprise an accurate definition according to the social reality, and scientifically devise supervision measure by learning the practice of the United Kingdom and Japan.