我国典型海岛地质灾害类型特征及成因分析

Geology disaster feature and genetic analysis of typical islands,China

本文通过海岛调查及已有文献资料分析,发现我国典型海岛存在滑坡、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、湿地退化、水土流失、地面沉降、风沙灾害、断层、港湾淤积、滩面冲蚀、沙滩泥化、浅层气、砂土液化、地震、软土地基15种地质灾害类型。滑坡灾害最多,基岩岛岛岸、岛陆和近岸海底均可发生;其次为海岸侵蚀,在基岩岛、泥沙岛均有分布,主要发生于岛岸;再次为海水入侵(含咸潮入侵),在基岩岛、泥沙岛岛岸均可发生;湿地退化也在基岩岛、泥沙岛岛岸均可发生;其他灾害类型的分布较少。通过对海岛典型地质灾害的成因机制分析,发现各地质灾害都是自然因素和人为活动共同作用的结果,并且人为活动的影响逐渐加剧,各地质灾害之间还存在着成因上的联系。

Based on island survey and the existing literature, 15 kinds of geological disasters were found in the typical islands of China, they are landslides, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, wetland degradation, soil and water loss, land subsidence, aeolian disaster, fault, harbor siltation, beach surface erosion, beach mudding, shallow gas, sand soil liquefaction, earthquake and soft soil foundation. The most frequent disasters is landslide, it can occur on the land, shore, seabed of rocky islands; followed by coastal erosion, it mainly occurs on the shore of rocky islands and sandy islands; seawater intrusion （include saltwater intrusion） is thirdly, it occurs on the shore of rocky islands and sandy islands; wetland degradation also occurs on the shore of rocky islands and sandy islands; other types of disaster is relatively rare occurrence. Through the genetic mechanism analysis of geological disasters,we found that all kinds of geological disasters are the combined result of natural factors and human activities, the impact of human activity gradually increased,and there is a link between the causes of the island geological disasters.