赛艇LW2×竞速结构研究——以2014年世锦赛和世界杯为例

Study on the Racing Structure of LW2 ×——Take 2014 World Rowing Championships and World Rowing Cup as an Example

为探索赛艇LW2×竞速结构,对2014年赛艇世锦赛和世界杯中多名运动员的艇速、桨频进行了描述和分析。主要结论:赛艇LW2×竞速结构分为四个阶段:起航加速阶段(0-250m)、调整阶段(250-500m)、途中划阶段(500-1750m)、冲刺阶段(1750-2000m);起航加速阶段,艇速与桨频具有较高的负相关,艇速快速提高,桨频逐渐下降。调整阶段,由于生理机能暂时下降的原因,艇速和桨频都应当逐渐下降,艇速与桨频成正相关关系。但是调整能力较差、战术不当或技术不稳定时,会造成这种相关关系不显著。途中划阶段匀速是最省力的运动模式,然而并不是运动水平越高,艇速和桨频越稳定。途中划阶段艇速和桨频的波动只需要保持在一个相对很小的水平即可。冲刺阶段,运动员为了获得更大的艇速,往往更加注重桨频的提高,理论上该阶段艇速和桨频应当具有较高的正相关,但是这需要强大的体能支撑。优秀运动员更加注重途中划和冲刺阶段的名次,一般运动员更加注重前期的竞赛名次。

To explore the racing structure of rowing LW2 ×,we described and analyzed the boat speed,stroke of many athletes in2014 World Rowing Championships and World Rowing Cup. The main conclusion： 1 Rowing LW2 × racing structure should be divided into four stages： Sail acceleration phase（ 0- 250m）,adjustment phase（ 250- 500m）,transit planning phase（ 500-1750m）,sprint phase（ 1750- 2000m）; 2 In sail acceleration phase,boat speed and stroke had a high negative correlation when the rapid increase in speed boats,stroke decreased. In adjustment phase,due to the temporary decline in the physiological function,boat speed and stroke should be decreased gradually,boat speed and stroke pitch a positive correlation. But the ability to adjust the poor,tactical inappropriate or techniques instability will cause this correlation was not significant. In transit planning phase,uniform was the most effortless movement patterns. However,not the higher activity level of athletes,boat speed and stroke more stable. Boat speed and stroke only need to be kept to a relatively low level. In sprint phase,athletes in order to obtain greater boat speed,often pay more attention to increase the stroke,and boat speed and stroke should have a high positive correlation theoretically,which requires a strong physical support. 3 Elite athletes pay more attention to the rank of transit planning and sprint phase,poor athletes pay more attention to the pre- race rankings.