南明与缅甸关系中的几个问题（1649~1662年）

A Few Problems on the Relationship Between South Ming Dynasty and Myanmar(1649-1662)

通过对缅甸《琉璃宫史》与中国相关史料的比较分析,可看出1649到1662年南明与缅甸东吁王朝的关系充满了困扰。1649~1650年,因南明在中缅边境的土司地区征税,双方发生军事冲突,各有胜败。1659~1662年初,因抗清失败,永历君臣入缅避难,双方互视对方为臣属,虽近在咫尺,永历与两任缅王却从未见面。永历政权在缅近三年,由于缅方长期软禁永历君臣,而李定国、白文选残兵多次寻驾救驾给缅甸造成严重破坏,双方怨恨日积月累,成为导致咒水之难的深刻原因。咒水之难使永历政权一蹶不振,1662年初,随着永历帝被引渡给清朝云南当局、白文选降清、李定国病逝,充满困扰的南明与缅甸关系终于结束。

The relationship between South Ming dynasty and Myanmar Taungoo dynasty from 1649 to 1662 is fi lled with troubles which can be found by comparing and analyzing Glass Palace Chronicle of Myanmar and related records of China. Military conflicts happened between South Ming dynasty and Myanmar Taungoo dynasty from 1649 to 1650 because South Ming dynasty taxed in Tusi region over the border and both sides has victory or defeat. Yongli emperor and his ministers took refuge in Myanmar for the failure in fi ghting against the Qing troops from 1659 to early 1662, both sides treated each other as the subject and Yongli emperor had never met with two Myanmar kings. Yongli government was in Myanmar for 3 years, the emperor and his ministers were placed under house arrest and the remaining soldiers led by Li Ding-guo and Bai Wen-xuan brought a lot of destructions to Myanmar for looking for the emperor, so mutual hatred accumulated which directly caused the disaster of loyal ceremony. Since the disaster of loyal ceremony Yongli government never rose again. The troubled relationship between South Ming dynasty and Myanmar Taungoo dynasty ended at the beginning of 1662 when Yongli emperor was extradited to Yunnan authority of the Qing dynasty, Bai Wen-xuan gave in to the Qing dynasty and Li Ding-guo died of illness.