显微镜的研究性实验设计

Design of the research experiment of microscope

设计了一个符合从"理论—实验—理论"认识过程的研究性实验。该实验要求学生设计出显微镜的实验,了解放大镜的视角放大率,研究显微镜的光路及角放大率的计算公式,用透镜组装显微镜,测量显微镜的角放大率,研究显微镜角放大率与光学筒长的关系,观察显微镜的像差,了解显微镜的像差主要由球面像差、慧形像差、像散和像场弯曲、畸变及色差组成,分析产生像差的原因,研究减少像差的方法。目的是让学生对实验中的异常现象做进一步的研究,通过实验培养学生的创新能力。

The research experiment which consistent with the process of the cognition from theory to experiment to theory is designed. The experiment requires students to design an experiment of micro- scope, understand visual magnification of magnifier, study optical path and calculation formula of visu- al magnification of microscope, assembles microscope by lens, measures visual magnification of micro- scope , study the relation between the magnifying power of microscope and the optical tube length, ob- serve microscope aberrations, understand aberration of microscope forms by spherical aberration, co- ma, astigmatic and field curvature, distortion and chromatic aberration, analyses the causes of aberra- tions, study the method of reduce aberrations. The purpose is to let students makes further study abnor- mal phenomena in experiment and fostering innovation ability of student through this experiment.