南丰蜜橘园自然生草对土壤微生物和养分及果实品质的影响

Effects of Natural Grass on Soil Microbiology,Nutrient and Fruit Quality of Nanfeng Tangerine Yard

以自然生草2、4和8年的南丰蜜橘园为对象,研究了自然生草和清耕条件下土壤中的微生物数量、酶活性和养分以及果实品质的差异。结果表明,南丰蜜橘园土壤微生物以细菌为主,占90%以上。与清耕相比,自然生草总体使土壤微生物数量增加,且呈现出不同的变化趋势。自然生草除使土壤磷酸单脂酶活性降低外,总体使土壤酶活性提高。自然生草可以增加土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾的含量,生草8年比对照增加了196.4%、56.53%、66.67%和77.08%。自然生草2年碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量明显低于对照,生草8年反而比对照增加了25.98%、3.1%和90.57%。自然生草能明显提高南丰蜜橘果实可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量。相关分析表明,不同年限自然生草的土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性、土壤养分之间均存在相关性。自然生草能有效提高土壤中的微生物数量、酶活性及肥力,提升果实鲜食品质。

Using Nanfeng tangerine yard as research subject,the variation of microorganism category,enzyme activities,soil nutrient and fruit quality were studied under different conditions such as 2 years grass,4 years grass,8 years grass and clean cultivation. The bacteria quantity in the soil of Nanfeng tangerine yard,ranked first,account for 90% of total microorganisms. Most detected soil microorganism quantity and soil enzyme activities,except phosphomonoesterase,were increased under sod culture treatment,compared to clean tillage. Natural grass can increase the organic matter and the content of TN,TP,TK in the soil,compared with the control,the soil organic matter and the content of TN,TP,TK in 8 years natural grassland increased separately by 196.4%,56.53%,66.67% and 77.08%. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,and available K in soil with grass 2 years were significantly lower than that of the control while increased by 25.98%,3.1%,90.57% in soil with grass 8 years. The naturally grown grass significantly increased the soluble solids and soluble sugar of Nanfeng tangerine. Correlation analysis indicated that soil microorganism,soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient mostly showed very significant correlation each other under different culture models. Naturally grown grass could improve effectively the soil microorganism quantity,soil enzyme activities,soil fertility and enhanced fruit fresh eating quality.