敦煌莫高窟北区出土擦擦研究

The Study on the Tsha-tsha unearthed at the North Zone of the Dunhuang Caves

擦擦(tsha tsha)是藏语的音译,指按印或脱模制作的小型泥造像和小泥塔。敦煌莫高窟北区石窟出土大量擦擦,可分为"脱塔、脱佛"两类。本文对这些擦擦进行类型学研究,分析其特征,推测其年代。通过比较莫高窟擦擦与西藏擦擦、西夏擦擦以及中原的善业泥的异同,推测这批擦擦来源于西藏,是西藏佛教艺术北传的结果。

Tsha-tsha is the transliteration of Tibetan for the small Buddhist votive clay tablets and stupas made by stamping or molding methods. The tsha-tsha unearthed at the north zone of the Dunhuang Caves can be classified into the molded stupas and molded Buddha figures. This paper made typological studies on these tsha-tsha, analyzed their characteristics and estimated their dates. Through the comparative studies on the tsha-tsha unearthed from Dunhuang Caves and that from Tibet and Xixia and the shanyeni （virtuous karma clay, Buddhist votive clay tablets or stupas） in the Central Plains, this paper suggested that these tsha-tsha were from Tibet and are the results of the northward diffusion of the Tibetan Buddhist art.