吐蕃时期禅定印毗卢遮那图像与禅宗关系研究

On the Relationship between the Vairocana Image with Dhyana Mudra of the Tubo Empire Period and the Chan Sect of the Buddhism

目前为止发现确认的17处吐蕃禅定印毗卢遮那题材图像均分布在拉萨以东的青藏高原东部地区,时代为公元8世纪中叶至9世纪中叶。这些图像的分布特点标识出了一条以青海南部的玉树地区为节点,向南经四川西北部的石渠地区进入西藏东部,向北通过青海和甘肃的吐蕃统治区延伸到敦煌的吐蕃禅定印毗卢遮那图像分布带。而该题材图像的出现和流行则与同时期以益西央为代表人物的吐蕃禅宗思想在这一区域的传布和影响有着十分密切的关系。

To date, the discovered and confirmed 17 Vairocana images with dhyana mudra of the Tubo Empire are all distributed in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to the east of Lhasa, and their dates are concentrated in the mid 8th to the mid 9th centuries. The distribution of these images marked a distribution zone of the ＂Vairocana images with dbyasTa mudra＂ with the Yushu area in southern Qinghai as the node, the southern branch of which stretched into eastern Tibet via the S6rxti area in northwestern Sichuan, and the northern branch stretched to Dunhuang via the Tubo-governed areas in present-day Qinghai and Gansu. The emergence and diffusion of this motif had close relationship with the popularization and influences of the thought of the Tibetan Chan Sect represented by Ye-shes-dByangs of the same period.