钼对不同基因型甘蓝型油菜产量及钼吸收利用的影响

Effects of molybdenum application on yield,Mo absorption and utilization in different rapeseed cultivars

为研究油菜钼营养的基因型差异及其特性,利用30个甘蓝型油菜材料,在大田试验条件下研究了钼肥施用对油菜产量、产量构成因子及钼吸收利用的影响。试验结果表明,施钼（钼酸铵0.75kg/hm^2）显著提高了油菜苗期SPAD值、成熟期干物质重和产量,最高增加幅度分别为20.0%、29.5%、37.7%;施钼有增加大多数材料千粒重、降低多数材料单株角果数的趋势,而对果粒数影响不大,推测千粒重增加是施钼增产的主要原因之一。施钼显著提高了根、茎秆、角壳和籽粒等各部位的钼含量、单株钼含量和单株钼累积量,其中单株钼含量和单株钼累积量上升幅度分别为66.1%～88.2%和70.5%～87.5%。不同基因型油菜籽粒钼含量差异达5倍。说明存在高钼油菜资源,而且施用钼肥能提高油菜籽粒中钼含量。这为有效提高菜籽油中钼含量进而改善人体钼营养提供了可能。

To investigate the effects of molybdenum（ Mo） fertilizer on different rapeseed（ Brassica napus）genotype,field trials were conducted using 30 varieties. Results indicated that SPAD value of rapeseed seedlings,dry matter weight and yield of matured plants were increased under Mo application（ ＋ Mo,ammonium molybdate0. 75 kg / hm^2） treatment. The maximum increase rates were 20%,29. 53% and 37. 68% respectively. The 1 000- seed weight was increased and pod numbers were decreased. No significant difference was observed in seed number per pod between Mo application and control treatments（- Mo,zero ammonium molybdate）. Mo application increased Mo content in root,straw,shell and seed. It also increaed plant Mo accumulation. Among them,plant Mo content and accumulation were increased by 6. 1%- 88. 2% and 70. 5%- 87. 5% respectively. Mo content differences among genotypes reached 5 folds. It suggested that higher Mo content genotypes could be selected,and Mo fertilizer could be used to improve the rapeseed Mo content for human nutrition.