试论满语方言的小舌音

On the Uvular Sounds in Manchurian Dialects

满语的小舌音是阿尔泰语言重要的语音特征。如同其他阿尔泰语言,满语的小舌音是与舌根音成互补分布的,一般出现在阳性元音的前面。文章将分析几种满语方言中小舌音出现的语音环境,并探讨现代方言中元音和谐律解体对小舌音分布所产生的影响。这些方言包括了规范满语(满文)、爱辉县大五家子方言、泰来县依布气方言、富裕县三家子方言、京语方言,以及锡伯语。最后,文章认为小舌音的消失以及元音和谐律的解体都与语言接触有关。

The uvular sound of Manchurian is a prominent feature in Altaic language. As in other Altaic languages, the Manchurian uvular is in complementary distribution with velar, and mainly appears before the back low vowels. This paper will analyze the phonological environments of uvular in different Manchurian dialects, as well as discussing about the influence by the collapse of vowel harmony. The Manchurian dialects compared in this paper include the Written Manchurian, Aihui, Tailai, Fuyu, Peking Manchu and Sibe. In a word, the disappearance of uvular sounds may stem from the collapse of vowel harmony and the language contact.