从喻体选择对比哈萨克语和汉语比喻的民族差异

A Comparative Study of Ethnic Differences in Metaphor between Chinese and Kazak Language from the Selection of Metaphoric Vehicles

比喻是一种常见的修辞方式,不同民族比喻的差异主要体现在喻体的选择上。文章通过对比哈萨克语和汉语的比喻喻体,分析出两个民族主要有喻体相同、喻义相同,喻体相同、喻义不同,喻体不同、喻义相同三种模式。而造成这种喻体差异的主要原因是由不同民族赖以生存的文化(物质文化、制度文化和精神文化)所决定的。

Metaphor is a common figure of speech. The differences of metaphors between different nations lie in the selection of metaphoric vehicles. Comparing the vehicles between Chinese and Kazak language,the paper analyzed the three modes：（1） the same metaphorical vehicle with the same metaphoric meaning,（2） the same metaphorical vehicle with the different metaphoric meaning and（3） the different metaphorical vehicle with the same metaphoric meaning. The main reason causing the difference of the metaphoric vehicles is determined by the culture（material culture,system culture,spiritual culture） on which different nationalities rely for existence.