空间视角下工业集聚对雾霾污染的影响——理论与经验研究

The Effect of Industrial Agglomeration to Haze Pollution(PM_(2.5))Based on Spatial Perspective:Theoretical and Empirical Research

本文考察了工业集聚对雾霾污染的影响及空间溢出效应。首先拓展了Ciccone&Hall的产出密度理论模型,将雾霾污染作为工业活动的附产品纳入到产出密度模型中,推导出雾霾污染与工业集聚关系的理论模型。在此基础之上,采用中国31个省份2001—2010年的数据,运用空间计量方法对理论模型进行验证。结果表明,工业劳动和资本集聚会加重雾霾污染程度,而工业产出集聚则会降低雾霾污染程度;工业效率可以有效降低工业劳动和资本集聚造成的雾霾污染程度;工业劳动集聚与雾霾污染之间存在库兹涅兹曲线关系。同时,雾霾污染和工业产出集聚均表现出显著的空间溢出效应。本文认为,当前中国新型工业化发展应当权衡集聚、效率和环境之间的关系,同时,要重视区域间协调机制的建立,实现共同发展、共同治理的有效模式;工业化发展和雾霾治理应当考虑区域发展现状,同时要继续深化改革开放政策,从而实现高质量引进外资和提升内资工业质量并重的双重目标。

In recent years, haze pollution which is mainly composed of PM2.5 has become a major pollution problem in our country. The severity of haze pollution is deepening, affecting every aspect of China＇s economy. According to the statistics issued by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the China Meteorological Administration, the average days of haze pollution is up to 29. 9 days in 2013. The days of haze pollution in the urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and Pearl River Delta is up to 100 days or more. Serious areas of haze pollution in China are mainly distributed in the east and central areas of north part of the Yangtze River. These areas are concentrated area of China＇s industrial economy. On one hand industrial agglomeration can bring about positive externalities, but on the other hand it can inevitably bring about a series of negative externalities, of which haze pollution composed of PM2.5 mainly embody the negative externalities. According to the calculation of environmental protection department, in China 70% of all emissions causing environmental pollution are from manufacturing. Therefore, on the whole, China＇s industrial emission is still an important source of haze pollution. At the same time, extensive development pattern is also the important cause that results in haze poilution. The resource-intensive industrial development mode leads to low industrial production efficiency, which causes a large amount waste of resources and energy. The problem of haze pollution is not distributed in isolated regions but concentrated distribution in some regions, which shows that haze pollution problem has a strong spatial depend- ence. How much is the influence from industrial agglomeration to haze pollution？ Whether the industrial efficiency can reduce haze pollution caused by industrial agglomeration by applying influence on industrial agglomeration？ How much is the spatial spillover effect of haze pollution？ These issues are both the hot topics that attract academic attentions and the problems demanding prompt solution in reality. This paper investigates the influence from industrial agglomeration to haze pollution and their spatial spillover effects. Firstly, haze pollution is treated as co-production of industrial output. Then it expands Ciccone and Hall＇s output density theoretical model by putting haze pollution into this model in order to deduce the theoretical model of the relationship among haze pollution, industrial agglomeration and industrial efficiency. Based upon this, it selects the data of China＇s 31 provinces from the year of 2001 to 2010 and uses spatial econometric method to estimate the model. The result finds that both industrial labor agglomeration and industrial capital agglomeration can intensify degree of haze pollution, while industrial output agglomeration can reduce haze pollution level ; the industrial efficiency can efficiently reduce the haze pollution level which is brought about from industrial labor agglomeration and industrial capital agglomeration; there exists Kuznets Curve relationship between Industrial labor agglomeration and haze pollution. Furthermore, there exist obvious spatial spillover effects of industrial agglomeration and haze pollution. This paper concludes that the relationship between agglomeration, efficiency and environment should be balanced in the process of China＇s new industrialization development ; the establishment of regional coordination mechanism should be emphasized in order to realize the effective mode of joint-development and co-governance; present situation of regional development should be considered in the process of industrialization development and haze governance; Reform and opening up policy should be continued so as to attach equal importance of introducing highquality foreign capital and promoting quality of domestic industrial.