中国野生百合叶表皮特征及系统学意义

Structural Characters of Leaf Epidermis and Their Systematic Significance in the 20Wild LiliumSpecies of China

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对20个野生百合种或变种的叶表皮进行了系统观察和比较分析,结果表明:(1)20种野生百合气孔器均分布于叶片远轴面,气孔器的长轴与远轴面细胞长轴方向一致,均位于远轴面细胞的端点处。气孔器形状从长椭圆形到近圆形不等;保卫细胞均为肾形,无副卫细胞,保卫细胞表面角质层均具条纹;表皮细胞角质层近于光滑或具条纹,均具蜡质,蜡质纹饰呈膜片状晶体或颗粒状;气孔密度、气孔器大小、近轴面远轴面细胞、垂周壁样式差异较大。(2)聚类分析表明,兰州百合、川百合、卷丹百合、紫斑百合、乳头百合、宝兴百合、山丹百合、大理百合、绿花百合、毛百合和有斑百合聚为类群Ⅰ;淡黄花百合、岷江百合和玫红百合3个野生种聚为类群Ⅱ;青岛百合单独为类群Ⅲ;宜昌百合、紫脊百合、通江百合、百合和野百合聚为类群Ⅳ,聚类结果总体上支持形态学分类的结果。(3)叶表皮形态对于区分野生百合不同种具有重要的分类学价值。

Structural characters of leaf epidermis of 20 wild Liliumspecies were examined by the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that：（1）The stomatas of 20 wild lilies are all distributed in abaxial epidermis of their leaf epidermis,which are parallel to the cells of abaxial epidermis,and located in the endpoint of abaxial epidermis cells.They have no accessory cells,and their guard cells are kidney.The type of guard cells cuticle is striate,and the types of epidermis cells cuticle are smooth or striate.The epidermis cells of all species have waxes which have two types,membranous platelets and platelets.There are significant differences between species in stomata density,size of stomata and leaf cells,pattern of anticlinal walls;（2）L.davidii var.willmottiae,L.davidii,L.lancifolium,L.nepalense,L.papilliferum,L.duchartrei,L.pumilum,L.taliense,L.fargesii,L.concolor var.pulchellum,L.dauricum were clustered in the first group and L.sulphureum,L.regale,L.amoenum belong to the second group while L.tsingtauense formed a distinct group,L.leucanthum,L.leucanthumvar.centifolium,L.sargentiae,L.brownii var.viridulum,L.brownii were clustered in the fourth group using clustering analysis which is accordance with structural characters of leaf epidermis;（3）Structural characters of leaf epidermis play important taxonomic value in distinguishing between different wild lilies.