以太学说的发展和以太内涵的演变

The development of ether theory and evolution of the connotation of ether

以太是物理学中最古老且最富有争议的一个概念,伴随着经典物理学的发展而发展.以太学说的每一次兴起总是伴随着一些物理学基本问题的提出,而以太学说的衰落也总是伴随着人们对这一基本问题认识的深化和进步.本文论述了以太学说在力学、光学、电磁学等经典物理学领域的发展历史,并阐明随着经典物理学的成熟和现代物理学的建立,以太模型已经被目前主流物理学家眼中更完美的现代物理学理论所放弃,以太存在的土壤也已经消失.

Ether is one of the oldest and most controversial concept in physics,with the development of classical physics. The theory of ether prosperity is always accompanied by the appearance of basic physics problems,and it＇s decline is always accompanied by the deep understanding of these basic problems. In this paper,the history of ether is discussed in classical physics field,such as mechanics,optics,electromagnetism etc. With the maturity of classical physics and the establishment of modern physics,the model of ether has been discarded by more perfect modern physics theory in the mainstream physicists. The soil of ether has disappeared.