江苏省宜兴市生态赤字分析及可持续发展力的研究

Study on Ecological Deficit and Sustainable Development Power in Yixing City

运用生态足迹模型计算了宜兴市2004—2013年的人均生态足迹和生态承载力,分析了生态赤字水平、动态变化及成因,并结合可持续发展力指标,对宜兴市的可持续发展能力进行评估。结果表明：近10年来,宜兴市出现严重生态赤字,赤字大小由2004年的2.21 hm2·人-1增加至2013年的3.43 hm2·人-1,其中能源的生态赤字最大,约占总生态赤字的70%。此外,生态压力指数较高,达8.13;生态足迹多样性指数较低,为1.16~1.09;万元GDP生态足迹为0.87~0.35;区域发展能力指数呈小幅增加趋势。可见,宜兴市一直处于不可持续发展状态,各土地利用类型分配不平衡,但资源利用率较高,区域发展能力逐渐增强,可持续发展潜力较大。因此,宜兴市应着力于控制人口数量、加快工业的转型与升级、加强生态保护与建设等方面,实现城市的可持续发展。

The research studied the per capita ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Yixing city from 2004 to 2013 using ecological footprint model, analyzed the ecological deficits, dynamic changes and causes, evaluated the sustainable development ability combing with the sustainable development index. The results showed that： there was severe ecological deficits, the size was in- creased from 2.21hm2 per person in 2004 to 3.43 hm^2 per personin 2013. In which, the energy deficit had the largest percentage, which accounted for about 70%.In addition, the ecological pressure index was high up to 8.13. The ecological footprint diversity index was low, varied from 1.16 to 1.09. The 10 000 GDP＇s ecological footprint was 0.87-0.35. The Regional development capacity index had a slight increase. Visibly, Yixing city has been in an unsustainable state, the various land use type distribution is imbalance, but the resource utilization and the regional development power is high, the sustainable development potential is very large. Therefore, Yixing city should focus on controlling the population quantity, speeding up the industrial transformation and upgrading, strengthening ecological protection and construction, and realize the sustainable development finally.