论违约赔偿中的减损规则

The Rule of Mitigation in Claim Breach of Contract

减损规则是一项从英美普通法发展起来的重要规则,已为绝大部分国家的立法和判例所承认和采纳。从减损规则的含义入手,分别介绍了减损义务的性质和减损规则的理论基础,并从"合理人"标准和善意标准这两个层面分析了减损措施合理性的判断标准。通过总结常用减损措施和该规则的法律后果,来指引减损规则在实务中的准确适用,最大限度地发挥这一规则在合同法律关系中的积极作用。

The rule of mitigation is an important rule arising from Britain and American common laws. At present,it has been adopted in legislations and cases by most of countries in the word. This paper discusses the concept of mitigation and then analyzes the legal nature and the underlying policies of mitigation doctrine and presents two standards as “reasonable person” and good faith standards in order to weigh whether a mitigation measure is reasonable or not. By summing up the major mitigation measures and the legal consequences, the paper aims to provide reference and guidance for the appropriate application in practice and to exert the positive effect of the rule in contract law.