孤独症谱系障碍儿童普通话词汇特点及发展

Characteristics and Development Putonghua-speaking ASD Children's Vocabulary

【目的】探索普通话ASD儿童词汇发展过程和发展特点,比较其与发育迟缓的不同之处。【方法】以深圳市妇幼保健院儿童心理科就诊的31名ASD儿童为病例组,同期就诊的20名DD儿童、健康体检的20名TD儿童为对照组,采用发育月龄匹配。分别对三组儿童进行PCDI词汇量评估,对三组儿童总词汇量、各类词汇量进行独立样本方差分析,将三组儿童总词汇量与适应性月龄进行相关分析。【结果】PCDI词汇总量ASD组>TD组>DD组,但三组差异无统计学意义,名词ASD组>TD组>DD组,与DD组儿童差异有统计学意义,代词和句尾虚词ASD组<DD组<TD组,与TD组儿童差异有统计学意义,其他词汇均呈现DD组<ASD组<TD组的趋势,其中"时间词"ASD组与TD组差异有统计学意义;三组儿童词汇量与发育月龄相关系数均有统计学意义,但ASD组儿童呈弱的关联而DD组、TD组为强关联。【结论】ASD儿童表达词汇量总量与同智力发育水平的TD儿童无显著差异,较DD儿童稍多,词汇结构中名词偏多,ASD儿童语言与智力发展不甚同步,存在语言发展进程异常的问题。

【Objective】 To explore Putonghua-speaking ASD children ＇s vocabulary characteristics and development, and compared it with the DD children and TD children. 【Methods】 31 ASD children, 20 DD children and 20 TD children were included in Shenzhen Maternal and Health Hospital, and the three groups were matched by developmental month. Results of parent-reported PCDI word density were obtained, and analyzed by variance analysis. Correlation analysis was done to show the relationship of vocabulary and developmental month. 【Results】 ASD group produced more words than TD group and DD group, but there were no significant differences. Nouns production ASD group showed the same trend in nouns production, and the differences between ASD group and DD group had statistical significance; in pronouns production and modal particles production, ASD group had a clear lag compared with TD and DD group, and the differences between ASD group and TD group are statistical significant. In other category of words, ASD group produced more words than DD group and less words than TD group, and the differences between ASD group and DD group in expressing time had statistical significance. All the three group had statistically significant correlation coefficient between vocabulary and developmental moth, but the ASD group had a weak correlation, while the other two groups had strong correlations. 【Conclusion】The language development and characteristics of ASD children were similar to intelligence matched TD children, and were superior to DD children. Still, they showed some atypical characteristics like abnormal patterns of vocabulary, and the inconsistency of language and cognition development.