诗歌的救赎:现代主义真诚与玛丽安·摩尔的诗歌定义

The Redemption of Poetry: Modernist Authenticity and Marianne Moore's Definition of Poetry

面对新的社会现实,现代主义诗人不仅要找到新的诗歌形式和表达手段,以表现新的感受方式与认知方式,同时表现出了对诗歌本体问题的极大关注,阐释或重新阐释诗歌的本质,玛丽安·摩尔便是其中最典型的代表。摩尔的"诗歌"一诗共有十三个版本,这一定义与重新定义诗歌的冲动本身便使得诗歌如同海德格尔式的"坏榔头"。在"诗歌"三行版中,摩尔通过"诗歌"浓缩的能量,明确而有力地告诉读者诗歌已经陷入重重危机,遭遇到了巨大的问题,而真诚乃诗歌的救赎之道。不过,传统的真诚与诗歌一样,在现在语境中沦为一个负面的概念,对诗歌的重新定义自然转向对真诚的重新定义;而摩尔的现代主义真诚已完全不同于浪漫主义时期的真诚,其核心在于作者诚恳而简洁的风格和读者"藐视"诗歌的阅读态度和方式。

Modernist poets not only have to find new poetic forms and means of expression for new ways of feeling and cognition, but also show great interest in and focus on ontological problem of poetry, interpreting or re-interpreting the nature of poetry. Marianne Moore is definitely among the most typical. Moore published her ＂Poetry＂ in thirteen different versions, displaying in her a strong impulse to define and redefine poetry, which in turn illustrates that poetry itself has become an Heideggerean ＂broken hammer＂. In the three-line version ＂Poetry＂, Moore takes full advantage of its condensed power to impart to readers that poetry has fallen into crisis and encountered problems, and that authenticity is the path to redemption. Yet, traditional concept of authenticity, just like poetry itself, has also been reduced to a negative word in the modern context. Thus, redefining poetry has slipped into a redefinition of authenticity. Moore＇s modernist authenticity departs radically from that in romantic period, the core of the former being the author＇s sincere and concise style and readers＇ attitude and method of reading in ＂contempt＂ of poetry.