建瓯万木林自然保护区两种森林类型土壤真菌多样性

Soil fungal diversities of two types of forests in Jian'ou Wanmulin Nature Reserve

利用PCR-DGGE分子指纹图谱技术分析了福建省建瓯万木林自然保护区中相邻的罗浮栲（Castanopsis fabri）天然林和杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）人工林土壤真菌多样性。结果表明,该地区2种植被类型土壤真菌种类较为丰富,真菌多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数分别为3.451~3.709、19~25和0.986~0.989。对21条优势条带测序以及同源性比对结果显示,真菌类群中担子菌（Basidiomycota）数量最多,其次为子囊菌（Ascomycota）,接合菌（Zygomycota）和半知菌（Deuteromycota）相对较少。其中隐球菌属（Cryptococcus）、光柄菇属（Pluteus）、锥毛壳属（Coniochaeta）、木霉属（Trichoderma）和地星属（Geastrum）真菌普遍存在于2种森林类型的土壤中,同时也是这2种林型土壤真菌中的优势种类。主成分分析显示,植被类型和土层深度共同影响真菌群落组成,其中由植被类型引起的真菌群落组成差异大于土层深度。

Soil fungal diversities were analyzed by PCR-DGGE molecular fingerprint technique for a natural forest of Castanopsis fabri and an adjacent plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata in Jian＇ou Wanmulin Nature Reserve in Fujian Province,southeastern China. The two forests had abundant fungal species in the soil,and the diversity index,richness index and evenness index of soil fungal communities were 3.451-3.709,19-25 and 0.986-0.989,respectively. Basidiomycota was the most dominant group,followed by Ascomycota,Zygomycota and Deuteromycota. Genera Cryptococcus,Pluteus,Coniochaeta,Trichoderma and Geastrum were found common in the two forest soils,and they were also the dominant fungal species of the two forest soils. Principal component analysis showed that both vegetation type and soil depth affected fungal community composition,and the former had a greater effect than the latter.